Sunday 25 October 2015

-INHERITANCE(click here to view)







INHERITANCE: (OOP) is when an object or class is based on another object (prototypal inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), using the same implementation (inheriting from an object or class) specifying implementation to maintain the same behavior (realizing an interface; inheriting behavior). It is a mechanism for code reuse and to allow independent extensions of the original software via public classes and interfaces. The relationships of objects or classes through inheritance give rise to a hierarchy. Inheritance was invented in 1967 for Simula.






There are various types of inheritance, based on paradigm and specific language.







Single Inheritance:





where subclasses inherit the features of one super class. A class acquires the properties of another class.


PROGRAM SHOWING SINGLE INHERITANCE:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class emp
{
   public:
     int eno;
     char name[20],des[20];
     void get()
     {
              cout<<"Enter the employee number:";
              cin>>eno;
              cout<<"Enter the employee name:";
              cin>>name;
              cout<<"Enter the designation:";
              cin>>des;
     }
};

class salary:public emp
{
     float bp,hra,da,pf,np;
   public:
     void get1()
     {             
              cout<<"Enter the basic pay:";
              cin>>bp;
              cout<<"Enter the Humen Resource Allowance:";
              cin>>hra;
              cout<<"Enter the Dearness Allowance :";
              cin>>da;
              cout<<"Enter the Profitablity Fund:";
              cin>>pf;
     }
     void calculate()
     {
              np=bp+hra+da-pf;
     }
     void display()
     {
              cout<<eno<<"\t"<<name<<"\t"<<des<<"\t"<<bp<<"\t"<<hra<<"\t"<<da<<"\t"<<pf<<"\t"<<np<<"\n";
     }
};
void main()
{
    int i,n;
    char ch;
    salary s[10];
    clrscr();
    cout<<"Enter the number of employee:";
    cin>>n;
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
              s[i].get();
              s[i].get1();
              s[i].calculate();
    }
    cout<<"\ne_no \t e_name\t des \t bp \t hra \t da \t pf \t np \n";
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
              s[i].display();
    }
    getch();
}

Output:

Enter the Number of employee:1
Enter the employee No: 150
Enter the employee Name: ram
Enter the designation: Manager
Enter the basic pay: 5000
Enter the HR allowance: 1000
Enter the Dearness allowance: 500
Enter the profitability Fund: 300

Multiple Inheritance:





where one class can have more than one super class and inherit features from all parent classes.








#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
  A()  { cout << "A's constructor called" << endl; }
};
class B
{
public:
  B()  { cout << "B's constructor called" << endl; }
};
class C: public B, public A  // Note the order
{
public:
  C()  { cout << "C's constructor called" << endl; }
};
int main()
{
    C c;
    return 0;
}

Output:
B's constructor called
A's constructor called
C's constructor called

Multilevel Inheritance:

In this type of inheritance the derived class inherits from a class, which in turn inherits from some other class. The Super class for one, is sub class for the other.



PROGRAM SHOWING MULTILEVEL INHERITANCE:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
    public:
      void display()
      {
          cout<<"Base class content.";
      }
};

class B : public A
{

};

class C : public B
{
 
};

int main()
{
    C c;
    c.display();
    return 0;
}
Output:
Base class content.

Hierarchical Inheritance

In this type of inheritance, multiple derived classes inherits from a single base class.


Program showing hierarchical inheritance:

#include <iostream.h> class Side
{
protected:
int l;
public:
void set_values (int x)
{ l=x;}
}; class Square: public Side
{
public:
int sq()
{ return (l *l); }
}; class Cube:public Side
{
public:
int cub()
{ return (l *l*l); }
}; int main ()
{
Square s;
s.set_values (10);
cout << "The square value is::" << s.sq() << endl;
Cube c;
c.set_values (20);
cout << "The cube value is::" << c.cub() << endl;
return 0;
}

OUTPUT:

The square value is:: 100
The cube value is::8000

Hybrid (Virtual) Inheritance

Hybrid Inheritance is combination of Hierarchical and Multilevel Inheritance.

Program showing Hybrid(Virtual) Inheritance


#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class A     //Base class
{
public:
int l;
void len()
{
cout<<"\n\nLenght :::\t";  
cin>>l;                  //Lenght is enter by user      
}
};
class B :public A   //Inherits property of class A
{
public:
int b,c;
void l_into_b()  
{
len();
cout<<"\n\nBreadth :::\t";
cin>>b;                      //Breadth is enter by user
c=b*l;                       //c stores value of lenght * Breadth i.e. (l*b) .  
}
};
class C
{
public:
int h;
void height()
{
cout<<"\n\nHeight :::\t";
cin>>h;                  //Height is enter by user
}
};
//Hybrid Inheritance Level
class D:public B,public C
{
public:
int res;
void result()
{
l_into_b();
height();
res=h*c;                          //res stores value of c*h  where c=l*b and h is height which is enter by user
cout<<"\n\nResult (l*b*h) :::\t"<<res;
}
};
int main()
{
clrscr();
D d1;
d1.result();
getch();
}


OUTPUT:


Length::: 20

Breadth::: 30

Height::: 40

Result<l*b*h>::: 24000


















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